Situation (where they are)
Write what you hear about their current state: their role, their team, the process or problem they're dealing with. Write their words, not your interpretation. Direct quotes from a discovery call are more valuable than paraphrases — they're the exact language to use in follow-up communication.
Goals (where they want to be)
Ask: 'What does success look like six months from now?' Write what they say. The goal they name is the thing your proposal needs to serve. If they name multiple goals, ask which one is most important — the answer reveals their real priority.
Pain (what's in the way)
The most important section. Ask: 'What's the biggest obstacle to getting there?' Write every pain point. The pain they name is the problem you're being hired to solve — every other pain is secondary.
Constraints (what limits the solution)
Budget, timeline, team size, technical environment, compliance requirements. Write everything that constrains the solution before you start thinking about what to offer. Proposing a solution that violates a constraint wastes everyone's time.
Next steps
Before the call ends: what happens next? Who sends what to whom by when? Write it on the board. Confirm it with them out loud. The next step is the thing that keeps the relationship moving — it matters as much as everything else on the board.